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Abstract. The reduction of CO2 emissions and the enhancement of CO2 removals related to land use are considered essential for future pathways towards net-zero emissions and mitiga…

Abstract. Sandy beaches are ever-changing environments, as they experience constant reshaping due to the external forces of tides, waves, and winds. The shoreline position, which …

Abstract. The eruption of Grímsvötn volcano in Iceland in 2011 lasted for a week, 21–28 May. The eruption was explosive and peaked during the first hours, with the eruption plume …

Abstract. This paper presents the quantitative imaging datasets collected during the Tara Pacific expedition (2016–2018) carried out on the schooner Tara. The datasets cover a wid…

Abstract. A complete global flood event record would aid researchers to analyze the distribution of global floods and, thus, better formulate and manage disaster prevention and re…

Abstract. Between 2018 and 2022, four pearl farming Tuamotu atolls of French Polynesia were monitored with autonomous oceanographic instruments to measure the hydrodynamics of ato…

Abstract. Pressing scientific questions concerning the Greenland ice sheet's climatic sensitivity, hydrology, and contributions to current and future sea level rise require hydrol…

Abstract. The Schäfertal Hillslope site is part of the TERENO Harz/Central German Lowland Observatory, and its soil water dynamics are being monitored intensively as part of an in…

Abstract. Several climate-driven processes take place in the Arctic fjords. These include ice–ocean interactions, biodiversity and ocean circulation pattern changes, and coastal e…

Abstract. Estuaries are among the most productive aquatic ecosystems and provide important ecological and economic services in coastal areas. However, estuarine systems have been …

Abstract. Fossil-fuel-based energy use in agriculture leads to CO2 and non-CO2 emissions. We focus on emissions generated within the farm gate and from fisheries, providing inform…

Abstract. Obtaining climate grids describing distinct variables is important for developing better climate studies. These grids are also useful products for other researchers and …

Abstract. Mapping vegetation is required for monitoring the condition of forest resources. Satellite data provide information on land cover and change; however, forest structural …

Abstract. Polar Mesoscale Cyclones (PMCs), particularly their intense subset known as Polar Lows (PLs), characterized by short lifespans of 3–36 h and horizontal scales below 1000…

Abstract. Long-term urban extent data are highly desirable for understanding urban land use patterns. However, urban observation data based on remote sensing are typically confine…

Abstract. The currently available long-term snow depth data sets are either from point-scale ground measurements or from gridded satellite/modeled/reanalysis data with coarse spat…

Abstract. Gridded bottom-up inventories of CO2 emissions are needed in global CO2 inversion schemes as priors to initialize transport models and as a complement to top-down estima…

Abstract. In order to fight the spread of the global COVID-19 pandemic, most of the world's countries have taken control measures such as lockdowns during a few weeks to a few mon…

Abstract. Processes mediating the coupling of terrestrial, aquatic, biospheric, and atmospheric systems influence weather, climate, and ecosystem dynamics via transfer of energy, …

Abstract. Accurate global aerosol single-scattering albedo (SSA) data are critical for assessing aerosol radiative effects and identifying aerosol composition. However, current sa…

Abstract. Coastal and estuarine waters of the northern California Current system and southern Salish Sea host an observational network capable of characterizing biogeochemical dyn…

Abstract. Climatologies, which depict mean fields of oceanographic variables on a regular geographic grid, and atlases, which provide graphical depictions of specific areas, play …

Abstract. Natural resources are increasingly threatened in the world. Threats to biodiversity and human well-being pose enormous challenges in many vulnerable areas. Effective mon…

Abstract. We produced a reconstruction of mid-19th-century building structure locations in former Galicia and Austrian Silesia (parts of the Habsburg Monarchy), which are located …

Abstract. Seismic reflection data (normal incidence and wide angle) are unique assets for solid Earth sciences as they provide critical information about the physical properties a…

Abstract. Rapidly rising sea level is one of the major adverse consequences of anthropogenic climate change. Sea level rise poses an existential threat to coastal populations, par…

Abstract. Every year in France, recurring flood events result in several million euros of damage, and reducing the heavy consequences of floods has become a high priority. However…

Abstract. Doppler wind lidars (DWL) offer high-resolution wind profile measurements that are valuable for understanding atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) dynamics. Here six ground-…

Abstract. We present the new Cloud Class Climatology (CCClim) dataset, quantifying the global distribution of established morphological cloud types over 35 years. CCClim combines …

Abstract. Water column dissolved inorganic carbon and total alkalinity were measured during five hydrographic sections in the Atlantic Ocean and Drake Passage. The work was funded…

Abstract. Marine debris is a ubiquitous and growing threat to environmental and human health. Efforts to monitor and mitigate marine debris pollution face many challenges. The abs…

Abstract. The Alpha Jet Atmospheric eXperiment (AJAX) flew scientific flights between 2011 and 2018 providing measurements of trace gas species and meteorological parameters over …

Abstract. The primary last interglacial, marine isotope substage (MIS) 5e records on the Pacific coast of North America, from Washington (USA) to Baja California Sur (Mexico), are…

Abstract. Marine Isotope Stage 5 deposits have been reported on many tropical Pacific islands. This paper presents a database compiled through the review of MIS 5e (last interglac…

Abstract. Seasonal ice cover is one of the important attributes of lakes in middle- and high-latitude regions. The annual freeze-up and breakup dates as well as the duration of ic…

Abstract. The wave-affected marginal ice zone (MIZ) is an essential part of the sea ice cover and crucial to the atmosphere–ice–ocean interaction in the polar region. While we pri…

Abstract. The main contributor to the greenhouse gas (GHG) footprint of the cement industry is the decomposition of alkaline carbonates during clinker production. However, systema…

Abstract. Geochemical data from ancient marine sediments are crucial for studying palaeo-environments, palaeo-climates, and elemental cycles. With increased accessibility to geoch…

Abstract. The Open-source Data Inventory for Anthropogenic CO2 (ODIAC) is a global high-spatial-resolution gridded emissions data product that distributes carbon dioxide (CO2) emi…

Abstract. Nutrient budgets help to identify the excess or insufficient use of fertilizers and other nutrient sources in agriculture. They allow for the calculation of indicators, …

Abstract. Wetlands, often called the “kidneys of the earth”, play an important role in maintaining ecological balance, conserving water resources, replenishing groundwater and con…

Abstract. Methane (CH4) is a significant greenhouse gas in exacerbating climate change. Approximately 25 % of CH4 is emitted from storage tanks. It is crucial to spatially explore…

Abstract. Airborne measurements are pivotal for providing detailed, spatiotemporally resolved information about atmospheric parameters and aerosol and cloud properties, thereby en…

Abstract. Understanding the spatiotemporal dynamics of global urbanization over a long time series is increasingly important for sustainable development goals. The harmonized nigh…

Abstract. Since the start of the 21st century, the widespread application of ion probes has promoted the mass output of high-precision and high-accuracy U–Th–Pb geochronological d…

Abstract. The CLIMK–WINDS (CLimes IMK – WINDstorm) database is a new, publicly available, database of extreme European windstorm footprints for the extended winter season during 1…

Abstract. Since 2008, the Yellow Sea has experienced the world's largest-scale marine disaster, the green tide, marked by the rapid proliferation and accumulation of large floatin…

Abstract. The lack of high-accuracy, fine-resolution meteorological datasets in China has hindered progress in climate, hydrological, and ecological studies. In this study, we pre…

Abstract. This dataset contains hydrological, erosion, vegetation, ground cover, and other supplementary information from 272 rainfall simulation experiments conducted on 23 semia…

Abstract. Mercury emissions from human activities persist in the environment, posing risks to humans and ecosystem, and are regulated by the Minamata Convention. Understanding his…